mouse macrophage cell line  (ATCC)

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A foam cell-targeted lipophagy restoration strategy stabilizes vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.041

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo photoacoustic imaging and analysis of the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque. ( A - G ) Ex vivo distribution of HMCN@Cy5.5 , Scr-HMCN@Cy5.5 , and OPN-HMCN@Cy5.5 in various organs—specifically the aorta ( B ), heart ( C ), liver ( D ), spleen ( E ), lung ( F ), and kidney ( G )—from apoE −/− mice at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h post-intravenous injection (n = 3). ( H ) Confocal images demonstrate the colocalization of OPN with CY5.5-labeled nanoparticles in aortic roots (n = 6, scale bars, 200 μm). ( I ) Quantitative analysis of the relative MFI of OPN and CY5.5 in different treatment groups. ( J , K ) Photoacoustic images and quantitative analysis of signal intensities of atherosclerotic plaque in carotid arteries of both healthy and atherosclerosis mice (n = 3). For each animal, longitudinal PA imaging was performed on the same carotid artery at predefined anatomical landmarks across different time points. Photoacoustic images were acquired with depth calibration based on acoustic time-of-flight measurements, converting ultrasound echo delay into depth using the predefined sound velocity in soft tissue. A calibrated depth scale bar is shown in each image, with an effective imaging depth of approximately 7 mm. ( L , M ) Pathological staining of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery and aortic arch includes ORO and Masson staining (scale bar = 200 μm), as well as α -SMA, and CD68 fluorescent staining (scale bar = 100 μm each). ( N - Q ) The statistical analysis of ( N ) ORO staining (namely the percentage of LD area), ( O ) Masson staining (namely the percentage of collagen fiber area), ( P ) α -SMA fluorescent staining (namely the percentage of smooth muscle cell area) and ( Q ) CD68 fluorescent staining (namely the percentage of macrophage-derived foam cell area). ( R ) Vulnerability scores of aortic arch and carotid artery plaques. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, USA.

Techniques: In Vivo, Imaging, Ex Vivo, Injection, Labeling, Staining, Derivative Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A foam cell-targeted lipophagy restoration strategy stabilizes vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.041

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo atherosclerosis reversal. ( A ) Schematic illustration of the experimental timeline and treatment strategy for establishing a mature, vulnerable atherosclerosis model and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then divided into five groups (HFD+ 12W, Saline HFD+, OPN-HMCN@MLT HFD+, Saline HFD−, and OPN-HMCN@MLT HFD−). Except for the HFD+ 12W group, the remaining groups were further maintained for an additional 4 weeks under either HFD or non-HFD conditions with the indicated treatments. ( B , C ) Images of en face ORO-stained aortas ( B ) and quantitative analysis of ORO-positive regions ( C ) from mice subjected to different treatments and diets (n = 6, scale bar: 5 mm). ( D ) Aortic root sections stained by ORO, H&E, α-SMA antibody, Masson's trichrome, CD68 antibody, and MMP-9 antibody, respectively, following various therapeutic procedures (n = 6, scale bar: 500 μm). ( E - J ) Quantitative data of lipid accumulation ( E ), necrotic core area ( F ), collagen area ( G ), MMP-9 level ( H ), VSMC area ( I ), and macrophage-foam cell area ( J ) in aortic root sections. ( K ) Vulnerability scores of aortic root plaque. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, USA.

Techniques: In Vivo, Saline, Staining

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A foam cell-targeted lipophagy restoration strategy stabilizes vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.041

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo anti-atherosclerosis effects. ( A ) Diagram illustrating the treatment protocol for apoE −/− mice. ( B , C ) En face ORO staining images and quantitative analysis of the lesion area of aortic lesion areas in apoE −/− mice following various treatments (n = 6, scale bar: 5 mm). ( D ) Quantification of the reduction ratio (versus model) of ORO-positive area to the entire aorta. ( E ) Cross-sectional images of ORO-stained aortic root (scale bars, 500 μm) and brachiocephalic artery (scale bars, 200 μm). n = 6. ( F and G ) Quantitative analysis of the aortic root lesion area ( F ) and the reduction ratio (versus model) of ORO-positive area to the aortic root ( G ). ( H ) Aortic root sections stained by H&E, α-SMA antibody, Masson's trichrome, CD68 antibody, MMP-9 antibody, and OPN antibody, respectively, following various therapeutic procedures (n = 6, scale bar: 500 μm). ( I-M ) Quantitative data of necrotic core area ( I ), collagen area ( J ), VSMC area ( K ), macrophage-foam cell area ( L ), and MMP-9 level ( M ) in aortic root sections. ( N ) Representative TEM images of LDs in the aortic root and arch of apoE −/− mice following various treatments (scale bar: 1 μm). The green arrow indicates elastic fibers. ( O-R ) Quantification of lipid droplet number and average area per cell section, n = 6. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, USA.

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A foam cell-targeted lipophagy restoration strategy stabilizes vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of OPN-HMCN@MLT. ( A ) The study commenced with the synthesis of mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCN) functionalized with an OPN-binding peptide and hyaluronic acid to construct the OPN-HMCN nanoplatform. The OPN-binding peptide was designed to recognize OPN enriched in the extracellular matrix and on the surface of foam cells, thereby enabling selective accumulation in OPN-rich pathological regions. Following OPN recognition, OPN-HMCN@MLT undergoes CD44-dependent endocytosis. Melatonin (MLT), a lipid autophagy–promoting agent, was subsequently encapsulated within the nanocarrier to form OPN-HMCN@MLT. Firstly, the released MLT can bind to and upregulate the expression of PPARα and PPARγ, which then promote the expression of downstream genes (ABCA1, ABCG1, ACOX-1, and CTP1A) and trigger the lipophagy. ( B ) Subsequently, its lipophagy-enhancing effects, including ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux and CTP1A/ACOX-1-mediated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, were studied to confirm the reversal of foam cell formation. ( C ) These effects eventually promote foam cells to reverse into macrophages. Abbreviations: MCN, mesoporous carbon nanoparticle; OPN, osteopontin; MLT, melatonin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PA, Photoacoustic.

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, USA.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Construct, Expressing

Journal: STAR Protocols

Article Title: Protocol for pro-inflammatory microRNA motif discovery using machine learning

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104467

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microscopic images of RAW 264.7 cells in 96-well plate before starvation and transfection (related to step 10) (A) 70% confluency. (B) <50% confluency. Scale bars represent 100 μm.

Article Snippet: RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line , ATCC , Cat#TIB-71; RRID: CVCL_0493.

Techniques: Transfection

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Fabrication of RADA32/Ngf_EE/MSCs composite hydrogel and its protective mechanism against radiation-induced ototoxicity

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115723

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunomodulatory mechanism of RNM composite gel (A and B) Flow cytometric analysis of CD86 and CD206 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages after irradiation and co-culture with RN, MSCs, or RNM composite gel in a transwell system (macrophages in lower chamber). Data are represented as the mean ± SEM ( N = 3, t test). (C) Immunofluorescence staining of F4/80 (red) on cochlear sections. Scale bars, 50 μm (a, spiral ganglion; b, basilar membrane; c, stria vascularis; d, spiral ligament). (D) Apoptosis of HEI-OC1 cells analyzed by flow cytometry after radiation exposure and intervention. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM ( N = 3, t test). (E) Expression level of p-p65, a key marker of NF-κB pathway activation, in macrophages after radiation exposure and drug intervention. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM ( N = 3, t test). Significant differences between the groups are indicated by ∗ for p < 0.05, ∗∗ for p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ for p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ for p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were purchased from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.

Techniques: Expressing, Irradiation, Co-Culture Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Membrane, Flow Cytometry, Marker, Activation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Adipose tissue inflammation mediated by CCL19 overexpression exacerbates experimental periodontitis via elevated circulating saturated fatty acids and osteopontin in Western-diet-fed mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1787572

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inflammatory response to E. coli LPS in the peritoneal macrophages from ND or 40% HFD-fed WT mice, RAW 264.7 cells pre- and co-stimulation with palmitate. The mRNA expression (A) and secreted protein (B) of TNFα in/from peritoneal macrophages obtained from ND or 40% HFD-fed WT mice (n = 3). The mRNA expression (C) and secreted protein (D) of TNFα from RAW264.7 cells treated with 10 ng/mL E. coli LPS with pretreatment of 200µM of BSA or palmitate (n = 3). The mRNA expression (E) and secreted protein (F) of TNFα from RAW264.7 cells treated with 10 ng/mL E. coli LPS co-stimulated with 200µM of BSA or palmitate (n = 3). The secreted TNFα amount was normalized with the cellular protein amount were displayed in (D) and (F) to reflect the potential toxic effect of palmitate. *p < 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001, ****p< 0.0001. All individual data are shown in a scatter plot. Data are presented as mean ± SD. P-values were determined by two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc tests.

Article Snippet: The mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 (TIB-71TM) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Article Title: Aedes aegypti salivary gland extract enhances Zika virus replication through immune modulation

doi: 10.1590/0074-02760250272

Figure Lengend Snippet: Aedes aegypti salivary gland extract (SGE) modulates cytokine production by antigen-presenting cell lines during Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. JAWS II dendritic cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured for 72 h under the indicated conditions (Only Media, SGE, ZIKV, or ZIKV+SGE at different concentrations). Cytokine concentrations [tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-10, IL-12] were quantified in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In JAWS II cells (A-D), significant differences were observed for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12, while IL-10 levels remained stable. In RAW 264.7 cells (E-H), SGE enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 secretion, whereas IL-12 showed no significant modulation. Data represent individual values from independent experiments with bars indicating mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post-hoc test; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Article Snippet: Effect of SGE on cytokines production by mouse antigen-presenting cells - The JAWSII mouse dendritic cell line (ATCC® CRL-11904TM) and the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line (ATCC® TIB-71TM) were used to determine the influence of SGE on cytokine production by antigen-present cells upon ZIKV infection.

Techniques: Virus, Infection, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay